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SKILL.md
Constant-Time Analysis
Analyze cryptographic code to detect operations that leak secret data through execution timing variations.
When to Use
User writing crypto code? ──yes──> Use this skill
│
no
│
v
User asking about timing attacks? ──yes──> Use this skill
│
no
│
v
Code handles secret keys/tokens? ──yes──> Use this skill
│
no
│
v
Skip this skill
Concrete triggers:
User implements signature, encryption, or key derivation
Code contains / or % operators on secret-derived values
User mentions "constant-time", "timing attack", "side-channel", "KyberSlash"
Reviewing functions named sign, verify, encrypt, decrypt, derive_key
When NOT to Use
Non-cryptographic code (business logic, UI, etc.)
Public data processing where timing leaks don't matter
Code that doesn't handle secrets, keys, or authentication tokens
High-level API usage where timing is handled by the library
Language Selection
Based on the file extension or language context, refer to the appropriate guide:
Language
File Extensions
Guide
C, C++
.c, .h, .cpp, .cc, .hpp
references/compiled.md
Go
.go
references/compiled.md
Rust
.rs
references/compiled.md
Swift
.swift
references/swift.md
Java
.java
references/vm-compiled.md
Kotlin
.kt, .kts
references/kotlin.md
C#
.cs
references/vm-compiled.md
PHP
.php
references/php.md
JavaScript
.js, .mjs, .cjs
references/javascript.md
TypeScript
.ts, .tsx
references/javascript.md
Python
.py
references/python.md
Ruby
.rb
references/ruby.md
Quick Start
# Analyze any supported file type
uv run {baseDir}/ct_analyzer/analyzer.py <source_file>
# Include conditional branch warnings
uv run {baseDir}/ct_analyzer/analyzer.py --warnings <source_file>
# Filter to specific functions
uv run {baseDir}/ct_analyzer/analyzer.py --func 'sign|verify' <source_file>
# JSON output for CI
uv run {baseDir}/ct_analyzer/analyzer.py --json <source_file>
Native Compiled Languages Only (C, C++, Go, Rust)
# Cross-architecture testing (RECOMMENDED)
uv run {baseDir}/ct_analyzer/analyzer.py --arch x86_64 crypto.c
uv run {baseDir}/ct_analyzer/analyzer.py --arch arm64 crypto.c
# Multiple optimization levels
uv run {baseDir}/ct_analyzer/analyzer.py --opt-level O0 crypto.c
uv run {baseDir}/ct_analyzer/analyzer.py --opt-level O3 crypto.c
VM-Compiled Languages (Java, Kotlin, C#)
# Analyze Java bytecode
uv run {baseDir}/ct_analyzer/analyzer.py CryptoUtils.java
# Analyze Kotlin bytecode (Android/JVM)
uv run {baseDir}/ct_analyzer/analyzer.py CryptoUtils.kt
# Analyze C# IL
uv run {baseDir}/ct_analyzer/analyzer.py CryptoUtils.cs
Note: Java, Kotlin, and C# compile to bytecode (JVM/CIL) that runs on a virtual machine with JIT compilation. The analyzer examines the bytecode directly, not the JIT-compiled native code. The --arch and --opt-level flags do not apply to these languages.
Swift (iOS/macOS)
# Analyze Swift for native architecture
uv run {baseDir}/ct_analyzer/analyzer.py crypto.swift
# Analyze for specific architecture (iOS devices)
uv run {baseDir}/ct_analyzer/analyzer.py --arch arm64 crypto.swift
# Analyze with different optimization levels
uv run {baseDir}/ct_analyzer/analyzer.py --opt-level O0 crypto.swift
Note: Swift compiles to native code like C/C++/Go/Rust, so it uses assembly-level analysis and supports --arch and --opt-level flags.
macOS users: Homebrew installs Java and .NET as "keg-only". You must add them to your PATH:
# For Java (add to ~/.zshrc)
export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/openjdk@21/bin:$PATH"
# For .NET tools (add to ~/.zshrc)
export PATH="$HOME/.dotnet/tools:$PATH"
See references/vm-compiled.md for detailed setup instructions and troubleshooting.
Quick Reference
Problem
Detection
Fix
Division on secrets
DIV, IDIV, SDIV, UDIV
Barrett reduction or multiply-by-inverse
Branch on secrets
JE, JNE, BEQ, BNE
Constant-time selection (cmov, bit masking)
Secret comparison
Early-exit memcmp
Use crypto/subtle or constant-time compare
Weak RNG
rand(), mt_rand, Math.random
Use crypto-secure RNG
Table lookup by secret
Array subscript on secret index
Bit-sliced lookups
Interpreting Results
PASSED - No variable-time operations detected.
FAILED - Dangerous instructions found. Example:
[ERROR] SDIV
Function: decompose_vulnerable
Reason: SDIV has early termination optimization; execution time depends on operand values
Verifying Results (Avoiding False Positives)
CRITICAL: Not every flagged operation is a vulnerability. The tool has no data flow analysis - it flags ALL potentially dangerous operations regardless of whether they involve secrets.
For each flagged violation, ask: Does this operation's input depend on secret data?
Identify the secret inputs to the function (private keys, plaintext, signatures, tokens)
Trace data flow from the flagged instruction back to inputs
Common false positive patterns:
// FALSE POSITIVE: Division uses public constant, not secret
int num_blocks = data_len / 16; // data_len is length, not content
// TRUE POSITIVE: Division involves secret-derived value
int32_t q = secret_coef / GAMMA2; // secret_coef from private key
Document your analysis for each flagged item
Quick Triage Questions
Question
If Yes
If No
Is the operand a compile-time constant?
Likely false positive
Continue
Is the operand a public parameter (length, count)?
Likely false positive
Continue
Is the operand derived from key/plaintext/secret?
TRUE POSITIVE
Likely false positive
Can an attacker influence the operand value?
TRUE POSITIVE
Likely false positive
Limitations
Static Analysis Only: Analyzes assembly/bytecode, not runtime behavior. Cannot detect cache timing or microarchitectural side-channels.
No Data Flow Analysis: Flags all dangerous operations regardless of whether they process secrets. Manual review required.
Compiler/Runtime Variations: Different compilers, optimization levels, and runtime versions may produce different output.