slo-implementation

1

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Summary

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SKILL.md

SLO Implementation

Framework for defining and implementing Service Level Indicators (SLIs), Service Level Objectives (SLOs), and error budgets.

Do not use this skill when

The task is unrelated to slo implementation
You need a different domain or tool outside this scope

Instructions

Clarify goals, constraints, and required inputs.
Apply relevant best practices and validate outcomes.
Provide actionable steps and verification.

Purpose

Implement measurable reliability targets using SLIs, SLOs, and error budgets to balance reliability with innovation velocity.

Use this skill when

Define service reliability targets
Measure user-perceived reliability
Implement error budgets
Create SLO-based alerts
Track reliability goals

SLI/SLO/SLA Hierarchy

SLA (Service Level Agreement)
  ↓ Contract with customers
SLO (Service Level Objective)
  ↓ Internal reliability target
SLI (Service Level Indicator)
  ↓ Actual measurement

Defining SLIs

Common SLI Types

1. Availability SLI

# Successful requests / Total requests
sum(rate(http_requests_total{status!~"5.."}[28d]))
/
sum(rate(http_requests_total[28d]))

2. Latency SLI

# Requests below latency threshold / Total requests
sum(rate(http_request_duration_seconds_bucket{le="0.5"}[28d]))
/
sum(rate(http_request_duration_seconds_count[28d]))

3. Durability SLI

# Successful writes / Total writes
sum(storage_writes_successful_total)
/
sum(storage_writes_total)

Setting SLO Targets

Availability SLO Examples

SLO %	Downtime/Month	Downtime/Year
99%	7.2 hours	3.65 days
99.9%	43.2 minutes

slos:
  - name: api_availability
    target: 99.9
    window: 28d
    sli: |
      sum(rate(http_requests_total{status!~"5.."}[28d]))
      /
      sum(rate(http_requests_total[28d]))

  - name: api_latency_p95
    target: 99
    window: 28d
    sli: |
      sum(rate(http_request_duration_seconds_bucket{le="0.5"}[28d]))
      /
      sum(rate(http_request_duration_seconds_count[28d]))

Error Budget = 1 - SLO Target

error_budget_policy:
  - remaining_budget: 100%
    action: Normal development velocity
  - remaining_budget: 50%
    action: Consider postponing risky changes
  - remaining_budget: 10%
    action: Freeze non-critical changes
  - remaining_budget: 0%
    action: Feature freeze, focus on reliability

# SLI Recording Rules
groups:
  - name: sli_rules
    interval: 30s
    rules:
      # Availability SLI
      - record: sli:http_availability:ratio
        expr: |
          sum(rate(http_requests_total{status!~"5.."}[28d]))
          /
          sum(rate(http_requests_total[28d]))

      # Latency SLI (requests < 500ms)
      - record: sli:http_latency:ratio
        expr: |
          sum(rate(http_request_duration_seconds_bucket{le="0.5"}[28d]))
          /
          sum(rate(http_request_duration_seconds_count[28d]))

  - name: slo_rules
    interval: 5m
    rules:
      # SLO compliance (1 = meeting SLO, 0 = violating)
      - record: slo:http_availability:compliance
        expr: sli:http_availability:ratio >= bool 0.999

      - record: slo:http_latency:compliance
        expr: sli:http_latency:ratio >= bool 0.99

      # Error budget remaining (percentage)
      - record: slo:http_availability:error_budget_remaining
        expr: |
          (sli:http_availability:ratio - 0.999) / (1 - 0.999) * 100

      # Error budget burn rate
      - record: slo:http_availability:burn_rate_5m
        expr: |
          (1 - (
            sum(rate(http_requests_total{status!~"5.."}[5m]))
            /
            sum(rate(http_requests_total[5m]))
          )) / (1 - 0.999)

groups:
  - name: slo_alerts
    interval: 1m
    rules:
      # Fast burn: 14.4x rate, 1 hour window
      # Consumes 2% error budget in 1 hour
      - alert: SLOErrorBudgetBurnFast
        expr: |
          slo:http_availability:burn_rate_1h > 14.4
          and
          slo:http_availability:burn_rate_5m > 14.4
        for: 2m
        labels:
          severity: critical
        annotations:
          summary: "Fast error budget burn detected"
          description: "Error budget burning at {{ $value }}x rate"

      # Slow burn: 6x rate, 6 hour window
      # Consumes 5% error budget in 6 hours
      - alert: SLOErrorBudgetBurnSlow
        expr: |
          slo:http_availability:burn_rate_6h > 6
          and
          slo:http_availability:burn_rate_30m > 6
        for: 15m
        labels:
          severity: warning
        annotations:
          summary: "Slow error budget burn detected"
          description: "Error budget burning at {{ $value }}x rate"

      # Error budget exhausted
      - alert: SLOErrorBudgetExhausted
        expr: slo:http_availability:error_budget_remaining < 0
        for: 5m
        labels:
          severity: critical
        annotations:
          summary: "SLO error budget exhausted"
          description: "Error budget remaining: {{ $value }}%"

┌────────────────────────────────────┐
│ SLO Compliance (Current)           │
│ ✓ 99.95% (Target: 99.9%)          │
├────────────────────────────────────┤
│ Error Budget Remaining: 65%        │
│ ████████░░ 65%                     │
├────────────────────────────────────┤
│ SLI Trend (28 days)                │
│ [Time series graph]                │
├────────────────────────────────────┤
│ Burn Rate Analysis                 │
│ [Burn rate by time window]         │
└────────────────────────────────────┘

# Current SLO compliance
sli:http_availability:ratio * 100

# Error budget remaining
slo:http_availability:error_budget_remaining

# Days until error budget exhausted (at current burn rate)
(slo:http_availability:error_budget_remaining / 100)
*
28
/
(1 - sli:http_availability:ratio) * (1 - 0.999)

# Combination of short and long windows reduces false positives
rules:
  - alert: SLOBurnRateHigh
    expr: |
      (
        slo:http_availability:burn_rate_1h > 14.4
        and
        slo:http_availability:burn_rate_5m > 14.4
      )
      or
      (
        slo:http_availability:burn_rate_6h > 6
        and
        slo:http_availability:burn_rate_30m > 6
      )
    labels:
      severity: critical