uv: Read the uv skill and follow its Setup instructions to ensure
uv is installed and on PATH.
User Notification: If .licenses/ncbi_sequence_fetch_LICENSE.txt does not
already exist in the workspace root directory then (1) prominently notify
the user to check the terms at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ and
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/home/about/policies/, then (2) create the file
recording the notification text and timestamp.
.env file: Make sure the .env file exists in your home directory.
Create one if it does not exist.
NCBI_API_KEY (optional): Raises the NCBI rate limit from 3 to 10
requests/second. The skill works without it, but a key is recommended if the
user plans many queries or encounters a 429 error. You can register for a
key for free at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/. You MUST
use the safe credentials protocol in the credentials skill to check for
and request this key if this skill looks relevant to the user's request.
Core Rules
Use the Wrapper: ALWAYS execute the provided helper scripts to query the
database rather than accessing the database directly. The scripts
automatically enforce the required rate limit gracefully.
API Key Support: If the user provides an NCBI_API_KEY in their
environment, the query speed limits are automatically increased
significantly.
Notification: If this skill is used, ensure this is mentioned in the
output.
Overview
Wraps NCBI's Entrez E-utilities (efetch, esearch, elink, esummary) for
retrieving protein and nucleotide sequences. Provides 10 subcommands covering
the full range of sequence retrieval workflows:
fetch-protein — Direct protein accession lookup (GenPept, RefSeq)
fetch-nucleotide — Direct nucleotide accession lookup
cds-translate — Fetch CDS and translate to protein (3 methods)
gene-protein — Search protein by gene name + organism
locus-protein — Search protein by locus tag + organism
pubmed-proteins — Find proteins linked to a PubMed article
patent-search — Extract protein sequences from patents
organism-length — Last-resort search by organism + exact AA length
Utility Scripts
scripts/ncbi_fetch.py — Single script with subcommands.
All subcommands write structured JSON output. Use --output FILE to save to a
file, or omit it to print to stdout. A human-readable summary is always printed
to stdout.
1. Fetch Protein by Accession
Fetches protein FASTA from NCBI by accession (XP_, NP_, GenPept, etc.)
uv run scripts/ncbi_fetch.py fetch-protein XP_022033624 -o /tmp/result.json
uv run scripts/ncbi_fetch.py fetch-protein NP_001234567 ABC12345.1
2. Fetch Nucleotide by Accession
Fetches nucleotide FASTA from NCBI by accession.
uv run scripts/ncbi_fetch.py fetch-nucleotide MK034466 -o /tmp/result.json
3. CDS Translate
Fetches a CDS/nucleotide accession and translates to protein sequence. Tries
three approaches in order: 1. NCBI's pre-translated CDS protein (fasta_cds_aa)
GenBank XML CDS annotation translations 3. Raw nucleotide → 6-frame ORF
finding
uv run scripts/ncbi_fetch.py cds-translate MK034466 -o /tmp/result.json
uv run scripts/ncbi_fetch.py cds-translate HQ662330 --target-length 1043
If the accession is a genomic record (not mRNA/CDS), the tool will report
is_genomic: true so you can fall back to a homology-based approach instead.
4. Search Any Database
Free-text search using Entrez query syntax. Supports all NCBI databases.
# Search protein database
uv run scripts/ncbi_fetch.py search "WRR4B[Gene Name] AND Arabidopsis[Organism]" \
--database protein --retmax 5 --fetch-sequences
# Search nucleotide database
uv run scripts/ncbi_fetch.py search "Rz2[Gene Name] AND Beta vulgaris[Organism]" \
--database nuccore --retmax 10
# Search with patent filter
uv run scripts/ncbi_fetch.py search "disease resistance AND Solanum[Organism] AND patent[Properties]" \
--database protein --fetch-sequences
# Search by sequence length
uv run scripts/ncbi_fetch.py search '"Oryza sativa"[Organism] AND 1043[SLEN]' \
--database protein --fetch-sequences --retmax 50
Searches by locus tag in both NCBI Protein and Nuccore databases. Extracts CDS
translations from GenBank XML when direct protein hits aren't available.
uv run scripts/ncbi_fetch.py locus-protein At1g56540 --organism "Arabidopsis thaliana"
uv run scripts/ncbi_fetch.py locus-protein Niben101Scf02422g02015.1 \
--organism "Nicotiana benthamiana" -o /tmp/result.json
8. PubMed-Linked Proteins
Finds protein sequences linked to a PubMed article. Searches NCBI Protein by
PMID, follows elink PubMed→Protein, and extracts CDS translations from linked
Nuccore records.
uv run scripts/ncbi_fetch.py pubmed-proteins 30692254 --identifier WRR4B
uv run scripts/ncbi_fetch.py pubmed-proteins 24896089 --identifier "K2" \
-o /tmp/result.json
9. Patent Sequence Search
Two modes:
By patent number — fetches all protein sequences from a specific patent:
bash uv run scripts/ncbi_fetch.py patent-search --patent-number US10123456 -o /tmp/patent.json
By keywords — searches NCBI Protein with patent[Properties] filter: bash uv run scripts/ncbi_fetch.py patent-search --keywords WRR4B Albugo --organism "Arabidopsis thaliana" -o /tmp/patent.json
[!IMPORTANT] Patent convention: In molecular biology patents, SEQ ID NO: 1
is typically the DNA sequence and SEQ ID NO: 2 is the primary protein. Higher
SEQ ID NOs are variants or related sequences. Prefer Sequence 2 when selecting
the primary protein of interest.
10. Organism + Length Search
Last-resort search when only organism and expected protein length are known.
Uses NCBI's [SLEN] filter for exact length matching.