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SKILL.md
Citation Style Guide
Master the major citation styles (APA, MLA, Chicago, IEEE, Vancouver) with examples, reference manager configuration, and CSL customization.
Citation Style Overview
Style
Primary Discipline
In-Text Format
Reference List Name
APA 7th
Psychology, social sciences, education
(Author, Year)
References
MLA 9th
Humanities, literature, languages
(Author Page)
Works Cited
Chicago (Author-Date)
Social sciences, natural sciences
(Author Year)
References
Chicago (Notes-Bib)
History, arts, humanities
Footnotes/endnotes
Bibliography
IEEE
Engineering, computer science
[1] numbered
References
Vancouver
Medicine, biomedical sciences
(1) numbered
References
Harvard
General, UK/Australia universities
(Author Year)
Reference List
Nature
Multidisciplinary sciences
Superscript numbered
References
APA 7th Edition
In-Text Citations
One author: (Smith, 2023) or Smith (2023) found that...
Two authors: (Smith & Jones, 2023)
3+ authors: (Smith et al., 2023)
Direct quote: (Smith, 2023, p. 45)
Multiple works: (Jones, 2021; Smith, 2023)
Same author, same year: (Smith, 2023a, 2023b)
Organization: (World Health Organization [WHO], 2023)
then subsequent: (WHO, 2023)
Reference List Examples
# Journal article
Smith, J. A., & Jones, B. C. (2023). Title of the article in sentence
case. Journal Name in Title Case, 45(2), 123-145.
https://doi.org/10.1234/example
# Book
Williams, R. T. (2022). Title of the book in sentence case (3rd ed.).
Publisher Name. https://doi.org/10.1234/example
# Chapter in edited book
Chen, L. (2023). Chapter title. In A. Editor & B. Editor (Eds.),
Book title (pp. 50-75). Publisher. https://doi.org/10.1234/example
# Conference paper
Lee, S., & Park, J. (2023). Paper title. In Proceedings of the 2023
Conference Name (pp. 100-110). Publisher.
https://doi.org/10.1234/example
# Webpage
National Institutes of Health. (2023, March 15). Page title.
https://www.nih.gov/example
# Preprint
Garcia, M. (2023). Title of preprint. arXiv.
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2301.12345
# Dataset
Johnson, K. (2023). Dataset title (Version 2.0) [Data set]. Repository.
https://doi.org/10.1234/example
MLA 9th Edition
In-Text Citations
One author: (Smith 45) or Smith argues that "..." (45).
Two authors: (Smith and Jones 45)
3+ authors: (Smith et al. 45)
No page number: (Smith)
Multiple works: (Smith 45; Jones 67)
Works Cited Examples
# Journal article
Smith, John A., and Beth C. Jones. "Article Title in Title Case."
Journal Name, vol. 45, no. 2, 2023, pp. 123-45.
https://doi.org/10.1234/example.
# Book
Williams, Rose T. Title of Book in Italics. 3rd ed., Publisher, 2022.
# Chapter in edited book
Chen, Li. "Chapter Title." Book Title, edited by Amy Editor and
Bob Editor, Publisher, 2023, pp. 50-75.
# Website
"Page Title." Site Name, Organization, 15 Mar. 2023,
www.example.com/page.
IEEE Style
In-Text Citations
IEEE uses numbered references in square brackets, in order of first appearance:
As shown in [1], deep learning has achieved...
Several studies [2]-[5] have demonstrated...
Smith et al. [6] proposed...
Reference List Examples
# Journal article
[1] J. A. Smith and B. C. Jones, "Article title in sentence case,"
J. Name Abbreviated, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 123-145, Feb. 2023,
doi: 10.1234/example.
# Conference paper
[2] S. Lee and J. Park, "Paper title," in Proc. Conf. Name,
City, Country, 2023, pp. 100-110.
# Book
[3] R. T. Williams, Book Title in Italics, 3rd ed. City, Country:
Publisher, 2022.
# Online source
[4] Author, "Page title," Website, date. [Online]. Available:
https://www.example.com
Using CSL (Citation Style Language)
CSL is the standard format used by Zotero, Mendeley, and other reference managers to define citation styles. Over 10,000 CSL styles are available at github.com/citation-style-language/styles.
Installing a CSL Style in Zotero
Visit the Zotero Style Repository: zotero.org/styles
Search for your target journal or style (e.g., "Nature", "APA 7th")
Click to install directly into Zotero
In Zotero, go to Settings > Cite > Styles to manage installed styles