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Summary

This skill should be used for time series machine learning tasks including classification, regression, clustering, forecasting, anomaly detection, segmentation, and similarity search. Use when working with temporal data, sequential patterns, or time-indexed observations requiring specialized algorithms beyond standard ML approaches. Particularly suited for univariate and multivariate time series analysis with scikit-learn compatible APIs.

SKILL.md

Aeon Time Series Machine Learning

Overview

Aeon is a scikit-learn compatible Python toolkit for time series machine learning (aeon-toolkit.org). It provides algorithms across classification, regression, clustering, forecasting, anomaly detection, segmentation, similarity search, distances, transformations, benchmarking, and visualization — with a consistent estimator API.

Version note: Examples target aeon 1.x (stable docs: v1.4.0, March 2026). The v1.0 release reworked forecasting and transformations; import paths differ from aeon 0.x/sktime-era code.

When to Use This Skill

Apply this skill when:

Classifying or predicting from time series data
Detecting anomalies or change points in temporal sequences
Clustering similar time series patterns
Forecasting future values
Finding repeated patterns (motifs) or unusual subsequences (discords)
Comparing time series with specialized distance metrics
Extracting features from temporal data

Installation

Requires Python 3.10+ (3.11+ recommended). Pin a 1.x release for reproducibility:

uv pip install "aeon>=1.4,<2"

For deep learning forecasters/classifiers and other optional estimators:

uv pip install "aeon[all_extras]>=1.4,<2"

On zsh, quote the extras: uv pip install "aeon[all_extras]>=1.4,<2".

Experimental modules

Upstream treats forecasting, anomaly_detection, , , and as experimental — interfaces may change between minor releases. Prefer stable modules (classification, regression, clustering, distances, transformations) for production pipelines unless you need these tasks.

from aeon.classification.convolution_based import RocketClassifier
from aeon.datasets import load_classification

# Load data
X_train, y_train = load_classification("GunPoint", split="train")
X_test, y_test = load_classification("GunPoint", split="test")

# Train classifier
clf = RocketClassifier(n_kernels=10000)
clf.fit(X_train, y_train)
accuracy = clf.score(X_test, y_test)

from aeon.regression.convolution_based import RocketRegressor
from aeon.datasets import load_regression

X_train, y_train = load_regression("Covid3Month", split="train")
X_test, y_test = load_regression("Covid3Month", split="test")

reg = RocketRegressor()
reg.fit(X_train, y_train)
predictions = reg.predict(X_test)

from aeon.clustering import TimeSeriesKMeans

clusterer = TimeSeriesKMeans(
    n_clusters=3,
    distance="dtw",
    averaging_method="ba"
)
labels = clusterer.fit_predict(X_train)
centers = clusterer.cluster_centers_

import numpy as np
from aeon.forecasting import NaiveForecaster
from aeon.forecasting.stats import ARIMA

y_train = np.array([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0, 10.0])

# Set horizon in the constructor; predict passes the series to forecast from
naive = NaiveForecaster(strategy="last", horizon=5)
naive.fit(y_train)
y_pred = naive.predict(y_train)

# ARIMA uses p/d/q (not order=); multi-step via iterative_forecast
arima = ARIMA(p=1, d=1, q=1)
arima.fit(y_train)
y_pred = arima.iterative_forecast(y_train, prediction_horizon=5)

from aeon.anomaly_detection import STOMP

detector = STOMP(window_size=50)
anomaly_scores = detector.fit_predict(y)

# Higher scores indicate anomalies
threshold = np.percentile(anomaly_scores, 95)
anomalies = anomaly_scores > threshold

from aeon.segmentation import ClaSPSegmenter

segmenter = ClaSPSegmenter()
change_points = segmenter.fit_predict(y)

from aeon.similarity_search import StompMotif

# Find recurring patterns
motif_finder = StompMotif(window_size=50, k=3)
motifs = motif_finder.fit_predict(y)

from aeon.transformations.collection.convolution_based import RocketTransformer

rocket = RocketTransformer()
X_features = rocket.fit_transform(X_train)

# Use features with any sklearn classifier
from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier
clf = RandomForestClassifier()
clf.fit(X_features, y_train)

from aeon.transformations.collection.feature_based import Catch22

catch22 = Catch22()
X_features = catch22.fit_transform(X_train)

from aeon.transformations.collection import MinMaxScaler, Normalizer

scaler = Normalizer()  # Z-normalization
X_normalized = scaler.fit_transform(X_train)

from aeon.distances import dtw_distance, dtw_pairwise_distance

# Single distance
distance = dtw_distance(x, y, window=0.1)

# Pairwise distances
distance_matrix = dtw_pairwise_distance(X_train)

# Use with classifiers
from aeon.classification.distance_based import KNeighborsTimeSeriesClassifier

clf = KNeighborsTimeSeriesClassifier(
    n_neighbors=5,
    distance="dtw",
    distance_params={"window": 0.2}
)

from aeon.classification.deep_learning import InceptionTimeClassifier

clf = InceptionTimeClassifier(n_epochs=100, batch_size=32)
clf.fit(X_train, y_train)
predictions = clf.predict(X_test)

from aeon.datasets import load_classification, load_gunpoint, load_regression

# Classification (generic loader or dataset-specific helper)
X_train, y_train = load_classification("GunPoint", split="train")
X_train, y_train = load_gunpoint(split="train")  # same UCR dataset

# Regression
X_train, y_train = load_regression("Covid3Month", split="train")

from aeon.benchmarking import get_estimator_results

# Compare with published results
published = get_estimator_results("ROCKET", "GunPoint")

from aeon.transformations.collection import Normalizer
from aeon.classification.convolution_based import RocketClassifier
from sklearn.pipeline import Pipeline

pipeline = Pipeline([
    ('normalize', Normalizer()),
    ('classify', RocketClassifier())
])

pipeline.fit(X_train, y_train)
accuracy = pipeline.score(X_test, y_test)

from aeon.transformations.collection import RocketTransformer
from sklearn.ensemble import GradientBoostingClassifier

# Extract features
rocket = RocketTransformer()
X_train_features = rocket.fit_transform(X_train)
X_test_features = rocket.transform(X_test)

# Train traditional ML
clf = GradientBoostingClassifier()
clf.fit(X_train_features, y_train)
predictions = clf.predict(X_test_features)

from aeon.anomaly_detection import STOMP
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

detector = STOMP(window_size=50)
scores = detector.fit_predict(y)

plt.figure(figsize=(15, 5))
plt.subplot(2, 1, 1)
plt.plot(y, label='Time Series')
plt.subplot(2, 1, 2)
plt.plot(scores, label='Anomaly Scores', color='red')
plt.axhline(np.percentile(scores, 95), color='k', linestyle='--')
plt.show()

Normalize: Most algorithms benefit from z-normalization

from aeon.transformations.collection import Normalizer
normalizer = Normalizer()
X_train = normalizer.fit_transform(X_train)
X_test = normalizer.transform(X_test)

Handle Missing Values: Impute before analysis

from aeon.transformations.collection import SimpleImputer
imputer = SimpleImputer(strategy='mean')
X_train = imputer.fit_transform(X_train)

Check Data Format: Collections use (n_cases, n_channels, n_timepoints); single series use (n_channels, n_timepoints) (see data format)

aeon

Summary

SKILL.md

Aeon Time Series Machine Learning

Overview

When to Use This Skill

Installation

Experimental modules

Core Capabilities

1. Time Series Classification

2. Time Series Regression

3. Time Series Clustering

4. Forecasting

5. Anomaly Detection

6. Segmentation

7. Similarity Search

Feature Extraction and Transformations

Distance Metrics

Deep Learning Networks

Datasets and Benchmarking

Common Workflows

Classification Pipeline

Feature Extraction + Traditional ML

Anomaly Detection with Visualization

Best Practices

Data Preparation

Model Selection

Algorithm Selection Guide

Reference Documentation

Additional Resources

Related skills